Although the connection was not made at the time, these speckles had been identified two years earlier by Hewson Swift ( Swift 1959) at the electron microscopic level and called interchromatin particles. Swanson Beck ( Beck 1961) upon examination of rat liver sections immunolabeled with the serum of individuals with autoimmune disorders. The term “speckles” was first put forth in 1961 by J. Ramón y Cajal used acid aniline stains to identify structures he referred to as “grumos hialinas” (literally “translucent clumps”). The first detailed description of the nuclear domains that we presently refer to as nuclear speckles was reported by Santiago Ramón y Cajal in 1910 ( Ramón y Cajal 1910 reviewed in Lafarga et al.
1993)” or “splicing factor compartments ( Phair et al. In mammalian cells the pre-mRNA splicing machinery, including small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs), spliceosome subunits, and other non-snRNP protein splicing factors, shows a punctate nuclear localization pattern that is usually termed “a speckled pattern” but has also been referred to as “SC35 domains ( Wansink et al.
Many nuclear factors are localized in distinct structures, such as speckles, paraspeckles, nucleoli, Cajal bodies, polycomb bodies, and promyelocytic leukemia bodies and show punctate staining patterns when analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy (reviewed in Lamond et al. The mammalian cell nucleus is a highly compartmentalized yet extremely dynamic organelle (reviewed in Misteli 2001a Spector 2006 Zhao et al.
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